Trouble breathing during sleep may be a symptom of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), a serious disorder that leads to repeated pauses in breathing during sleep. Each apnea episode usually lasts 10 to 30 seconds and can occur multiple times a night, disrupting the quality of sleep and leading to numerous health consequences.
Causes of obstructive sleep apnea
- Overweight and obesity – Excess fat tissue in the neck area can lead to narrowing of the airways.
- Anatomical abnormalities – Enlarged tonsils, a large tongue, nasal polyps, or a deviated nasal septum can all obstruct airflow.
- Weakening of throat muscles – During sleep, the throat muscles may relax excessively, leading to the airway collapsing.
- Alcohol consumption and smoking – These factors can weaken the throat muscles and increase the risk of OSA.
Symptoms of obstructive sleep apnea
Night:
- Loud, irregular snoring interrupted by sudden silence.
- Restless sleep and frequent awakenings with a feeling of shortness of breath.
- Excessive sweating at night.
Daily:
- Morning headaches and feeling tired.
- Excessive sleepiness during the day.
- Problems with concentration and memory.
- Irritability and decreased libido.
Sleep Apnea Diagnosis
- Polysomnography – A comprehensive sleep study that monitors, among other things, brain activity, muscle tension, heart rhythm and airflow through the respiratory tract.
- Polygraphy – A test that assesses breathing disorders by monitoring airflow, saturation, and respiratory effort.
- Epworth Sleepiness Scale – A questionnaire assessing the risk of breathing disorders during sleep.
Treatment of obstructive sleep apnea
- Lifestyle changes – Lose weight, avoid alcohol before bed and stop smoking.
- CPAP therapy – The use of a device that creates constant positive airway pressure.
- Surgical treatment – Removal of anatomical obstructions such as tonsillar hypertrophy or nasal polyps.
Why is it worth treating sleep apnea?
Untreated sleep apnea can lead to serious health complications, such as:
- Arterial hypertension.
- Heart disease, including myocardial infarction.
- Stroke.
- Type 2 diabetes.
- Cardiac arrhythmias.
Early diagnosis and treatment of OSA are key to improving quality of life and preventing serious health consequences. If you notice symptoms suggesting sleep apnea in yourself or your loved ones, consult a specialist to conduct appropriate diagnostic tests and implement effective treatment.
